Strategy Deductive Reasoning

The question stem or fact pattern contains the general rule. The answer choices present specific actions. Your job is to identify which answer choice is a valid application of that rule in the given situation.

For example: a question might state a general rule that fire trucks should not be positioned so close to a fire that they could be damaged by flying debris or heat. It then describes a fire and tells you the wind direction, and asks what side of the fire the truck should be farthest from. You apply the rule to the specific facts.

When evaluating each answer choice, ask: Is this an accurate example of the general statement? Apply rules rigidly — as far as the firefighter exam is concerned, your job is to apply the rule, not to question it or create exceptions not stated in the question.

Rules often have conditions: they may apply only at certain times, only to certain personnel, or only under specific circumstances. Read for these limits. A rule might apply to most firefighters but exempt those assigned to specific duties. A rule might forbid one action but allow it under a stated exception.

Ask yourself three questions when evaluating any answer choice: Are there limits to when the rule applies? Are there limits to who the rule covers? Are there authorized exceptions?

Circle or underline key words that signal exceptions: except, unless, if, when. Apart from exceptions explicitly stated in the question, do not invent your own. Apply the rule as written.